UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1945 after World War II. Its mission is to promote peace and security by fostering international collaboration in education, science, culture, communication, and information. Its headquarters is in Paris, France.

Core Objectives

Education

Advocates for quality education for all, from early childhood to higher education.

Oversees global initiatives like Education for Sustainable Development and monitors progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education).

Science

Promotes scientific cooperation across countries.

Encourages sustainable use of natural resources and advances in climate change research.

Manages international water programs and biosphere reserves.

Culture

Protects cultural heritage (tangible and intangible).

Oversees the World Heritage Sites program, which recognizes landmarks of outstanding cultural or natural importance.

Supports cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue.

Communication and Information

Defends freedom of expression and press freedom.

Works on universal access to information and knowledge.

Promotes digital inclusion.

Notable Programs and Initiatives

World Heritage Convention (1972): Protects cultural and natural sites of global value.

Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme: Focuses on biodiversity and sustainable development.

Memory of the World Programme: Safeguards documentary heritage (manuscripts, archives, audiovisual records).

Global Education Monitoring Report: Tracks education progress worldwide.

Membership

UNESCO has 194 member states and 12 associate members.

Decisions are made through the General Conference (meets every two years) and the Executive Board.

Influence

UNESCO helps countries shape policies in education, science, and culture.

Provides technical assistance and international cooperation frameworks.

Recognized for designating World Heritage Sites (like the Pyramids of Giza, Great Wall of China, and Machu Picchu).